Summary Overview

Në wɛ̈t kɔ̈k yiic, PAC ku PAM aye "dynamic duo" ye kɔc cï röt looi në koom ye kek looi yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic

PAC ee luui cie coagulant. Ajuiɛɛr dɛ̈t ee bï kä ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u ya cɔk loi rot ku bï kä ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u ya cɔk loi rot, ku bï kek ya cɔk loi rot.

PAM ee luui cie flocculant. Ajuiɛɛr dɛ̈t ee adsorption ku bridge, man ye micro-flocks cï PAC looi mat në flocks dït, dït, ku jɔl ya tɛ̈n yenë kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn.

Kɔɔr dɛ̈t alëu bɛ̈n ya tɛmɛ: PAC ye "glue" ye kɔɔr dɛ̈t ye kɔɔr dɛ̈t ye kɔɔr dɛ̈t ye kɔɔr dɛ̈t ye kɔɔr dɛ̈t ye kɔɔr dɛ̈t ye kɔɔr dɛ

1.Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC)

1.1. Mekanism of Action (Mekanism of Action)

PAC ee polymer inorganic coagulant. Ajuiɛɛr de coagulation ee rot tääu në lööŋ diäk:

Charge Neutralization: Na cï yen tɔ̈ɔ̈u në piiny yic, PAC ee hydrolyse bï ya looi kä juëc ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në piiny yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic yiic ₂]⁺, [Al₈(OH)₂₀]⁴⁺). Kä juëc ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në koom ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në koom ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në koom ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në koom ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në koom ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në koom ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në Ions positif ye PAC looi aye kä ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc Kɔn ye kä ye kek looi bɛ̈n ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u ku bɛ̈n ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u.

Adsorption and Bridging: Kä ye PAC looi, cït mɛn aluminium hydroxide gel [Al ((OH) ₃], a looi tɛ̈n dït, cït tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye tɛ̈n ye Gel kënë alëu bï "kɛ̈ɛ̈r" kaam de kä cï kek ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u ku kä cï kek ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u, ku bï "micro-flocs" wala "pin flocs" ya cak.

Sweep Flocculation: Tɛ̈n yenë pH tɔ̈u thïn, PAC ee aluminium hydroxide bɛ̈n cak. Tɛ̈n yenë kën tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn, ka kɔc cï tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn tɔ̈ɔ̈u

1.2. Ye luɔɔi

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i de kä ye kek looi: PAC ye kek looi adhil bɛ̈n looi në kä ye kek looi. Kä ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në luɔɔi yiic aye 5%-10% (ye cɔl, 50-100g de PAC cï kek ya looi në litre de pi yic). A dhil bɛ̈n ya cɔk lɔ̈ɔ̈m në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn në ye mɛn.

Tɛ̈n yenë kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn: A tɛ̈n yenë kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn "quick mix" wala "coagulation tank" tɛ̈n yenë kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn.

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i ku Lɔ̈ɔ̈i: Pɛ̈i cï kek ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u, a wïc bï kek ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u ka tɔ̈ɔ̈u ka tɔ̈ɔ̈u ka tɔ̈ɔ̈u ka tɔ̈ɔ̈u ka tɔ̈ɔ̈u ka tɔ̈ɔ

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i de dɔ̈ɔ̈r: Dɔ̈ɔ̈r de dɔ̈ɔ̈r de dɔ̈ɔ̈r de dɔ̈ɔ̈r de dɔ̈ɔ̈ Dɛ̈ɛ̈r juëc alëu bï kä ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u ya cɔk loi rot (re-stabilisation) ku bï kä ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u ya cɔk loi rot. Kä ye kek looi aye 50-200 mg/L.

1.3. Kä ye raan laar

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i de: Suspended Solids (SS), colloidal particles, some dissolved organic matter, and color.

Kä ye kek looi në kä ye kek looi yiic: Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ku Total Phosphorus (TP, në luɔɔi de aluminium phosphate precipitate).

Fɛɛrɛ: Kɔl-kɔl, kɔl-kɔl, kɔl-kɔl, kɔl-kɔl, kɔl-kɔl, kɔl-kɔl, kɔl-kɔl

2.Polyacrylamide (PAM)

2.1. Mekanism of Action (Mekanism of Action)

PAM ee organic polymer flocculant. Kä ye kek looi aye kä ye kek looi në polymer ye kek looi në kaam juëc yiic.

Adsorption and Bridging: PAM molecules have very long chains (molecular weights in the millions to tens of millions) with many active functional groups (e.g., amide groups -CONH) Adsorption and Bridging: PAM molecules have very long chains (molecular weights in the millions to tens of millions) with many active functional groups (e.g., amide groups -CONH) ₂, ka akutnhïïm ionic). Kä ye kɔc cɔl "strings" wala "bridges" ye kɔc cɔl "chains" ye kɔc cɔl "bridges" ye kɔc cɔl "bridges" ye kɔc cɔl "bridges" ye kɔc cɔl "bridges" ye kɔc cɔl "bridges" ye kɔc cɔl " Kän ye kɔc juëc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc

Kä ye kek looi (Ionic Type):

Cationic PAM: A naŋ kä puɔth ye kek looi. A cɔl bridge, a cɔl charge neutralization, a cɔl organic, negative charged sludges (cït mɛn, municipal sewage, food processing wastewater). Yen ee tɛ̈n yenë kɔc juëc luɔ̈ɔ̈i thïn ye kɔc cɔl sludge dewatering.

Anionic PAM: A naŋ kë ye cɔl negative charge. A bɛ̈n ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u në kë ye cɔl long-chain bridging ku a bɛ̈n ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u në kë ye cɔl inorganic coagulants cït PAC, ku a bɛ̈n ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u në kë ye cɔl flo

PAM cïï ionic ye: Acid wala neutral ye rot looi ku ye rot looi.

2.2. Ye luɔɔi

Luɔi ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan ye raan

Inorganic suspensions (cït mɛn, mineral processing, sand wash water): Anɔnik PAM aye luɔ̈ɔ̈i apɛi.

Organic sludge thickening and dewatering (e.g., municipal, industrial): Primarily use Cationic PAM.

Acidic wala salinity juëc: PAM cïï ionic alëu bï ya tïŋ.

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i ë luɔɔi: Lɔ̈ɔ̈i ë luɔɔi ë 0.1%-0.3%. Lɔ̈ɔ̈i bï ya looi në kaam juëc (minit 40-60) ku bï ya cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk Tank ye kɔc kɔ̈k looi ee kë thiekic ago polymer "ya looi".

Dosing Point: A sɔrɔ PAC, në "flocculation tank" wala "slow mix zone". Ɣän, a wïc bï a rɔ̈ɔ̈r piny piny (laminar flow conditions) ago floc bɛ̈n juak ka cïn agglomerates cï cak.

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i de dɔ̈ɔ̈r: Dɔ̈ɔ̈r ye wïc ee tɔ̈u apɛi, ye tɛ̈n ye 1-5 mg/L, ku a dhil ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u në thëm de jar.

2.3. Kä ye raan laar

A ye tɛ̈n yenë flocks tɔ̈ɔ̈u thïn.

A ye kɔc dït, puɔth, ku kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc

A bɛ kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kɛ̈ɛ̈r.

A bɛ̈n ya cɔl supernatant (pi cï kek ya looi).

3. Luɔi kɛl-kɛl & Luɔi-luɔi

Process Flow:

Pii Raw → ((pH Ajuiɛɛr) → PAC Dosing → Rapid Mix → PAM Dosing → Slow Mix → Sedimentation → Lɔ̈ɔ̈i ye cɔl Clarified Effluent / Sludge Handling

Luɔi kɛl & Lëk kɛ̈ɛ̈k:

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i de dɔ̈ɔ̈r ee kë thiekic: A dhil PAC tueŋ, ka PAM. Ka PAM tɔ̈ɔ̈u tueŋ, ka bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk bɛ̈n ya cɔk

pH Dependence: PAC ee luui apath në pH ye 6.5 agut cï 8.0. Kä ye kek tɔ̈ɔ̈u në pH yic aye kɔc cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk cɔk. A lëu bï pH ya waar.

PAM cï bɛ̈n ya cɔk tɔ̈u: PAM cï bɛ̈n ya cɔk tɔ̈u, cï bɛ̈n ya cɔk tɔ̈u, cï bɛ̈n ya cɔk tɔ̈u, cï bɛ̈n ya cɔ

Mixing Intensity: High G-value (rapid mixing) for PAC dispersion (Mixing Intensity): High G-value (rapid mixing) for PAC dispersion (Mixing Intensity): High G-value (rapid mixing) for PAC dispersion; G-value tɔ̈u (tɛ̈ɛ̈m tɔ̈u) tënë PAM flocculation.

Jar Testing is Important: Water quality varies greatly. Jar Testing is Important: Water quality varies greatly. Jar Testing is Important: Water quality varies greatly. Jar Testing is Important: Water quality varies greatly. Jar tests ye tɛ̈n yenë wɛ̈t ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye kɔɔr ye.

Safety & Lɔ̈ɔ̈m: PAM monomer (acrylamide) ee neurotoxin. Always select high quality products with low residual monomer content. Always choose high quality products with low residual monomer content. Always choose high quality products with low residual monomer content. Always choose high quality products with low residual monomer content. Lɔ̈ɔ̈i cï kek ya looi adhil bï kek ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u apath.

Summary of Combined Effects (Kä ye kek mat)

Në tɛ̈n yenë PAC ku PAM luɔɔi thïn, ka tɛ̈n yenë kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye kɔc ye

Lɔ̈ɔ̈m ye kɛ̈ɛ̈k ye kɛ̈ɛ̈k ye kɛ̈ɛ̈k ye kɛ̈ɛ̈k ye kɛ̈ɛ̈k ye kɛ̈ɛ̈k ye kɛ̈

COD ku Total Phosphorus cï bɛ̈n ya tɔ̈ɔ̈u apath, man ye kë thiekic ago kä ye kek looi ya cɔk tɔ̈ɔ̈u apath.

A cɔl solid-liquid separation, a cɔl footprint and retention time of sedimentation tanks.

Lɔ̈ɔ̈i de kä puɔth ye kek looi në luɔɔi de kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kek looi yiic wala luɔɔi de kɛ̈ɛ̈r ye kek looi yiic.

Lɔ̈ɔ̈m dɔ̈ŋ bɛ̈n looi bɛ̈n looi bɛ̈n looi bɛ̈n looi bɛ̈n looi bɛ̈n looi.