Ennyinnyonnyola

Mu bigambo ebyangu, PAC ne PAM "dynamic duo" ez'edda mu kunyonja amazzi ag'omusaayi, ezitera okukozesebwa awamu mu nkola y'okusaasaanya n'okusaasaanya.

PAC ekola nga Coagulant. Ekifaananyi kyayo ekikulu kwe kuggyawo amasannyalaze n'okuziyiza ebitundu ebitono ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitund

PAM ekola nga Flocculant. Ekifaananyi kyayo ekikulu kwe kukwata n'okugatta, ekikuusa ebitundu ebitono ebikolebwa PAC mu bitundu ebinene, ebinene, era ebisaanira amangu.

Enkolagana yaabwe eyinza okufaananyizibwa nga: PAC ye "glue" ekwatagana omusenyu mu bitundu ebitono, ate PAM ye "net" ekwatagana ebitundu mu buyinja bunene, obwangu okuggyawo.

1.Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC)

1.1. Enkola y'Okukola

PAC y'ekikozesebwa mu kukola polymer. Enkola yayo ey'okusaasaanya esinziira ku misingi esatu egikulu:

Charge Neutralization: Oluvannyuka lw'amazzi, PAC ekola hydrolysis okufulumya ebitundu bingi eby'amasannyalaze (ng'ekyokulabirako, [Al ((OH)) ₂]⁺, [Al₈(OH)₂₀]⁴⁺). Ebintu ebisinga obungi eby'ekika kya colloidal mu mazzi ag'omusaayi (ng'ekyokulabirako, ettaka, ebitundu eby'ekika kya organic colloids) birina obuzito obubi. Ebintu bino eby'ekika kya colloidal birina obuzito obubi obuli mu mazzi ag'omusaayi. Ions ennungi okuva mu PAC zikiriza obulungi amasannyalaze gano ag'obubi, nga zikiriza ekitundu ekibiri eky'amasannyalaze era ne kiviirako obuzibu. Kino kisobozesa ebitundu okugwagana n'okugatta.

Okufulumya n'Okufulumya: Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu PAC, gamba nga aluminiyamu hydroxide gel [Al ((OH) ₃], okukola ekizimbe ekinene, ekifaanana n'ekitundu ekinene n'obusobozi bw'okusaasaanya obulungi. Gel eno esobola "okuteekawo" wakati w'ebitundu ebitalina butuukirivu n'ebintu ebinywevu ebiriko, nga bifuula "micro-flocs" entono oba "pin flocs".

Sweep Flocculation: Ku pH ennungi, PAC efula aluminiyamu hydroxide ey'amaanyi. Ekisenge kino nga kigenda, kisimba era ne kisimba ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu

1.2. Enkola y'okukozesa

Okuteekateeka Enkola: PAC ey'amaanyi erina okusooka okusaanyizibwa mu kyuma ekirimu amazzi. Omuwendo gw'ekikozesebwa mu kukola gwa 5%-10% (kwe kugamba, 50-100g ya PAC ey'amaanyi buli lita y'amazzi). Erina okwongerwako mpolampola wansi w'okuziyiza okuziyiza okufulumya kw'ebitundu.

Ekifo eky'okukozesa: Kitera okwongerwako ku mutendera gwa "okugatta amangu" oba "ekizimbe ky'okukozesa amasannyalaze" mu nkola y'okujjanjaba.

Okukwatagana n'Okukwatagana: Oluvannyuma lw'okuteekawo eddagala, okwekwatagana okw'amangu era okw'amaanyi (nga ddakiika 1-3) kwetaagisa okukakasa nti PAC esangibwa mu mazzi ag'omusaayi mu ngeri entuufu era ey'emu, nga kino kiyamba mu kukyusa ebitundu n'okukola ebitundu

Okufuga omuwendo: Omwendo ogusinga obulungi gulina okumanyibwa ng'okozesebwa mu bubonero. Okuzisa obulungi kiyinza okuviirako okukyusa amasannyalaze (okuddamu okuteekawo obulungi) n'okukola obubi. Ekitundu ekisinga obungi kiri 50-200 mg/L.

1.3. Ebikozesebwa mu Kujjanjaba

Okuggyawo obulungi: Ebintu eby'amaanyi (SS), ebitundu eby'ekika kya colloidal, ebimu ku bintu eby'ekika kya organic ebisaanyizibwa, n'langi.

Okukendeeza ku bintu ebikulu: Obuzibu, Obwetaavu bwa Oxygen (COD), ne Total Phosphorus (TP, okuyita mu kuteekawo aluminiyamu phosphate precipitate).

Ebifaananyi: Ebitundu ebitono, ebitonotono ebituuka mpolampola.

2.Polyacrylamide (PAM)

2.1. Enkola y'Okukola

PAM ye polymer flocculant ey'omubiri. Enkola yayo enkulu ye nkola y'okugatta enkola ya polymer ey'ekitundu ekiwanvu.

Okufulumya n'Okufulumya: Ebintu bya PAM birina obubonero obuwanvu ennyo (obuzito bwa molecule mu bukadde okutuuka ku bukadde) nga birina ebibinja bingi eby'emirimu (ng'ekyokulabirako, ebibinja bya amide -CONH) ₂, oba ebibinja bya ionic). Enkola zino ez'obuwanvu zikola ng'ebitundu eby'omulembe oba ebitundu eby'omulembe, nga zisimba ku lubalama lw'ekitundu ekimu era ne zisimba mu kyuma okusobola okusiba ku bulala. Kino kikwataganya ebibinja bingi mu bintu ebinene, ebinene, era ebisaanira amangu.

Ebikozesebwa mu kusasula (Ekika kya Ionic):

Cationic PAM: Erina omutindo omulungi. Ng'oggyeeko okuteekawo omutindo, era ewa omutindo ogw'okuziyiza omutindo, ekifuula okuba nga gukola obulungi nnyo ku bintu ebiriko omutindo omubi, ebiriko omutindo omubi (ng'ekyokulabirako, amazzi ag'omunda ag'omu kibuga, amazzi ag' Kye kika ekisinga okukozesebwa mu kuziyiza amazzi.

Anionic PAM: Erina omutindo ogutali mugaso. Essingira ddala okwesigama ku kukwatagana kw'ebitundu ebiwanvu era emirundi mingi ekozesebwa awamu n'ebikozesebwa mu kukwatagana n'ebikozesebwa mu kukwatagana n'ebikozesebwa mu kukwatagana n'ebikozesebwa mu kukwatagana n'ebikozesebwa mu

PAM etali ya ionic: Ekikola obulungi mu mbeera ya acidic oba neutral era kiwa obuyambi obulungi.

2.2. Enkola y'okukozesa

Okulonda Ekika Kkulu:

Ebintu ebitalina butonde (ng'ekyokulabirako, okukozesa ebyamaguzi, amazzi ag'okunaaba omusenyu): Emirundi mingi kozesa Anionic PAM.

Okufulumya n'okuggya amazzi mu mazzi (ng'ekyokulabirako, mu kibuga, mu makolero): Okusingira ddala kozesa Cationic PAM.

Amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi oba ag'omusaayi ogusingawo: PAM etali ya ionic esobola okulowoozebwa.

Okuteekateeka Enkola: Okuteekateekebwa nga 0.1%-0.3% solution. Okufulumya kwetaaga ekiseera ekisingawo (eddakiika 40-60) n'okuziyiza okw'amaanyi okwewala okusaasaanya (okusaasaanya) enkubo za polymer ez'obuwanvu. Ekitangi ekikadde kikulu nnyo okusobola "okukozesa" polymer mu bujjuvu.

Ekifo eky'okukozesa: Kyongeddwa oluvannyuma lwa PAC, mu "tanki ya flocculation" oba "ekitundu eky'okugatta mpolampola". Wano, okugatta mpolampola (embeera z'okutambula okw'omutindo) kwetaagisa okutumbula okukulaakulana kw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omu

Okufuga omuwendo: Omwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwendo gw'omuwen

2.3. Ebikozesebwa mu Kujjanjaba

Okwanguya nnyo amangu g'okusaasaanya kw'ebitundu.

Ekikola ebitundu ebinene, eby'amaanyi, era ebitonotono ebyangu okwawula.

Okwongera nnyo ku bukolerwa bw'okuggya amazzi mu mazzi era n'okwongera ku bungi bw'ebitundu eby'amaanyi eby'ekika ekiggya amazzi mu mazzi.

Ekitumbula amazzi ag'omutindo ogusinga obulungi (amazzi ag'omutindo ogusinga obulungi).

3. Enkola y'Okukolagana Ebitundu ebikulu

Enkola ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi:

Amazzi ag'omunda → ((Okukyusa pH) → Enkola ya PAC → Enkola ya Rapid Mix → Enkola ya PAM → Slow Mix → Okusiika → Okukozesa Ebisenge / Ebisenge

Ebintu ebikulu eby'okwetegereza & Ebigendererwa:

Enkola y'okuteekawo eddagala y'omugaso: Erina okusooka okuba PAC, oluvannyuma PAM. Okwongera PAM okusooka kujja kukileetera okunywa ku bitundu ebirimu obutebenkevu, ekiyinza okubikuuma era n'okuziyiza PAC okuziyiza obulungi mu kusasula ebintu byabwe, ekireetawo okulemererwa kw'okujjanjaba.

Okwesigama ku pH: PAC ekola obulungi mu pH eya 6.5 okutuuka ku 8.0. pH ey'amaanyi ennyo ekosa ku hydrolysis n'obulungi bwayo. Okukyusa pH kuyinza okuba okwetaagisa.

Okukyusibwa kw'obutonde bwa PAM: PAM ekyusibwa obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw

Amaanyi g'okugatta: G-value ey'amaanyi (okugatta amangu) ku kusaasaanya kwa PAC; G-value entono (okugatta mpolampola) ku PAM flocculation.

Okukebera ebikoola kikulu: Omutindo gw'amazzi gwawukana nnyo. Ebigendererwa by'ebikoola bye ngeri esinga okuba ey'ebbeeyi entono okumanya ekika ekisinga obulungi n'omuwendo gwa PAC/PAM, pH, n'ebifo by'okuteekawo eddagala.

Obukuumi & Embeera: PAM monomer (acrylamide) ye neurotoxin. Bulijjo londa ebintu eby'omutindo ogusingawo ebirimu monomer entono. Ensigo ezikozesebwa zirina okuggyizibwa obulungi.

Ennyonnyonnyola y'Ebyava mu Nkola

Okuyitira mu nkola ya PAC ne PAM, enkola y'okulongoosa amazzi ag'omusaayi esobola okutuuka ku:

Okuggyawo ebintu ebiriko obulungi ennyo ebiriko obulungi n'ebiriko obulungi, n'omuwendo gw'okuggyawo obuzibu ogusinga 90%.

Okukendeeza okw'amaanyi mu COD ne Total Phosphorus, ekikulu nnyo okutuukiriza emitindo gy'okufulumya.

Okwawula kwa solid ne liquid okwongeddwa nnyo, okukendeeza ku bifo ebyetaagisa n'ebiseera eby'okukuuma ebyuma eby'okusaasaanya.

Okuteekateeka embeera ennungi ez'okujjanjaba eby'obulamu oba eby'omulembe.

Okwongera okw'amaanyi mu kusobola okuggya amazzi mu mazzi.