Polyacrylamide ((PAM) ye polymer ey'omubiri esinga okukozesebwaflocculantmu kulongoosa amazzi ag'omusaayi mu bibuga, okuzannya ekifo ekikulu mu kulongoosa amazzi ag'omusaayi.

I. Ebika bya PAM n'Ebikozesebwa

PAM esangibwa okusinziira ku muwendo gwayo ogwa ionic:

Cationic PAM (CPAM)

Okusasula: Eby'omugaso (ng'ekyokulabirako, ebibinja bya ammonium eby'omugaso).

Enkola: Okukyusa ebikozesebwa mu kukyusa ebikozesebwa mu kukyusa ebikozesebwa mu kukyusa ebikozesebwa mu kukyusa ebikozesebwa mu kukyusa ebikozesebwa.

Okukozesebwa: Okulonda okusooka okw'okuggya amazzi mu nsimbi z'omu kibuga (ebikoola by'ebikoola, ebikoola by'ebikoola, ebikoola by'ebikoola). Ekikola obulungi ku nsimbi ez'obutonde (ezisooka, ezikozesebwa, ezisaanyizibwa) eziriko obuzito obubi.

Anionic PAM (APAM)

Ekisaaniro: Ekisaaniro (ng'ekyokulabirako, ebibinja bya carboxyl).

Enkola: Okukozesa (okuziyiza omutindo ogutonotono).

Ekikozesebwa:

Coagulant eyamba n'ebikozesebwa mu kusasula ebintu ebitalina butonde (ng'ekyokulabirako, PAC, ferric chloride) mu kusasula ebintu ebisooka, okuggya P mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu kusasula ebintu, oba okujjanjaba ebikozesebwa mu kusasula ebintu.

Ebisenge ebirimu ebitundu ebitali bya butonde bingi.

PAM etali ya ion (NPAM)

Okusasula: Ebirala.

Enkola: Okugatta.

Okukozesebwa: Amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi, obusaayi obuli okumpi n'ekifo eky'amasannyalaze, oba embeera ez'omusaayi. Tekikozesebwa nnyo mu makolero g'omu kibuga.

II. Ebintu ebikulu eby'okulonda mu nkola z'ebitongole

CPAM y'esinga okuzimba amazzi mu bisenge.

Ebintu bya Sludge

Ensibuko: Ensibuko ezisooka (eziriko ebintu ebitalina butonde), ezikozesebwa (eziriko ebintu ebitalina butonde), ezisaanyizibwa, oba ezisaanyizibwa.

Ebintu eby'omubiri (VS/TS): Ebintu eby'omubiri ebisingawo → obuzito bwa ionicity/molecular CPAM obusingawo.

Obusobozi bwa Zeta: Obukugu obusingawo obubi → omutindo ogusingawo ogwa CPAM.

pH/Temperature: Ekisinga obulungi okumpi ne pH 7. Ekikosa viscosity ne reaction kinetics.

Ebintu bya PAM

Ekika kya Ionic: CPAM ku nsimbi ezisinga obungi ez'omu kibuga.

Ionicity (Charge Density):

Ionization ey'amaanyi (50-60%): Ebisenge ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo ebirimu ebirungo.

Ionization entono (2040%): Ebisenge ebiriko obubonero obutonotono oba ebiriko obubonero obutonotono.

Obuzito bwa Molecular (MW):

MW ey'amaanyi (1220 million Da): Enyongera ku kusimba; kirungi nnyo ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu kusimba.

MW ez'omutindo ogusingawo (obukadde 8-12 Da): Ku nsimbi ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo ez'enjawulo. Ewala MW ey'amaanyi ennyo mu bifaananyi by'ebikozesebwa mu kusimba ebikoola (ebireetawo obuzibu bw'ebikoola ebikozesebwa mu kusimba ebikoola ebikozesebwa mu kusimba ebikoola).

Ebintu eby'okusaasaanya amazzi

Ebikozesebwa mu kufulumya ebikoola: MW ey'omutindo ogusingawo, ionicity ey'omutindo ogusingawo.

Centrifuges: High ionicity + high MW (flocs eziziyiza okusaasaanya).

Ekitundu & Ebikozesebwa mu kukyusa: MW ez'amaanyi (ebitundu eby'amaanyi, eby'amaanyi).

Ebigendererwa:

Ebintu eby'amaanyi eby'ekika ekyagala (ng'ekyokulabirako, 20-25% DS).

Obunene bw'ekikoola (SS entono).

Ebikomo by'ebbeeyi y'ebyamaguzi.

III. Enkola y'Okulonda: Lab & Okugezesebwa kw'omunda

Okulonda okw'endowooza kwetaaga okukakasa okw'obumanyirivu:

Ebigezo bya Lab Jar:

CPAMs ez'ekifaananyi (ez'enjawulo ez'ekika kya ionicity/MW) ku bifaananyi by'ekika.

Okukebera obunene bw'ekibinja, amangu g'okusaasaanya, obulungi obulungi, n'omutindo ogusinga obulungi.

Okugezesebwa okw'omutindo ogutuufu:

Okugezesa ebintu ebiriko ebiwandiiko ebisookerwako ku byuma ebikozesebwa mu kuziyiza amazzi.

Ekigendererwa: Ebintu eby'amaanyi eby'ekika, filtrate SS, throughput, polymer consumption (kg/t DS).

Okulongoosa okw'omu maaso:

Ddamu okwekebera buli ssaawa oba singa engeri z'omusaayi zikyuka (ekiseera, enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi).

IV. Emiganyulo gy'Okukola

Okuggya amazzi mu mazzi (CPAM):

Ekkendeeza ku buwuka bwa keki okutuuka ku 7882% (okuva ku 9599%).

Ekkendeeza ku bungi bw'ennyonyi nga 60-75%, ekikendeeza ku bbeeyi y'okuggyawo.

Yongeza ku bungi bw'ebikozesebwa mu kuziyiza amazzi ebitundu 20-50%.

Okulongoosa okufulumya keki, okukendeeza ku kukoma kw'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu.

Okukendeeza ku SS ey'okufulumya (okukendeeza ku muwendo ku mitwe).

Okunyonnyola (APAM nga Coagulant Aid):

Okwanguya okuteekawo/okutambula.

Yongera okuggyawo SS/phosphorus mu bujjanjabi obw'okusooka/obw'okusatu.

Okukendeeza ku bungi bw'ebikozesebwa mu kukwata ku bintu ebitalina butonde (ng'ekyokulabirako, PAC) nga 20-40%.

V. Ebiragiro by'Okukozesa Ebikozesebwa

Okufulumya:

Kozesa amazzi agayonjo; okusaanyiza ku 0.1-0.3% concentration.

Yongeza powder mpolampola wansi w'okuziyiza (weewala "amaaso g'ebyennyanja"). Emyaka 30-60 eddakiika.

Okufuga omutindo:

Okutwala obutonotono: Okutwala obutonotono.

Okusinziira: Viscosity ya filtrate ↑, obuzibu bwa keki ↑, okuddamu okuteekateeka.

Okugatta & Enkola:

Kakasa okusaasaana amangu, mu ngeri emu. Gwala empapu ez'amaanyi.

Okuteeka:

Powder: Ekifo ekikalu, ekikalu (kiziyiza obuzibu).

Eky'okuddamu: Kozesa mu ssaawa 24 48 (ekyonooneka ng'ekiseera kigenda kigenda).

Obukuumi:

Kozesa PAM ne < 0.05% acrylamide monomer (ey'obuwuka bw'omubiri).

Ewala okukwata ku lubuto/okufumba mu kiseera ky'okukozesa.

Ekiwandiiko

Okulonda okw'omugaso: CPAM (ekwatagana n'obusobozi bwa Zeta obw'omukka/ebitundu eby'obutonde n'ekika ky'ebyuma).

Ebintu ebikulu: Ionicity (4060%), MW (820 million Da), dose (28 kg/t DS).

Okukakasa: Ebigezo bya Lab → okugezesa okw'omutindo gwonna.

Ebikosa:

Okuggya amazzi: Okutuuka ku 20-25% DS sludge cakes.

Okunyonnyola: Okulongoosa omutindo gw'amazzi ag'omu ttaka + okutereka eby'ekika.

Enkola y'obuwanguzi: PAM entuufu + okukozesa obulungi + okulongoosa okw'omugaso.

PAM ekyali kya nkola nnyo okusobola okulongoosa amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'ebibuga ag'ebbeeyi entono era ag'omugaso. Okukolagana n'abagaba ebikozesebwa mu kugezesa okw'enjawulo kukakasa ebikolwa ebirungi.

Mmenye singa weetaaga ebisingawo (ng'ekyokulabirako, okunoonyereza ku mbeera ez'enjawulo, emitindo gy'amateeka, oba emitindo gy'okugezesa abaguzi).